Thursday, 29 April 2021

Congratulations Sai Shri...!

Aviyal | Sai Shri Ramamurthy

Hearty Congratulations to Ms. Sai Shri Ramamurthy on coming out with her second publication titled, Aviyal.

Aviyal, a beautiful collection of poems by Sai Shri is an enunciation of the different facets of human lives depicted in its best genre.

Aviyal is a traditional South Indian food which brings together vegetables of different tastes and blends into a delicacy which is replete with the individual tastes of the vegetables that are present in it.

The anthology of poems similarly brings together the vagaries of human emotions into a bond that is cemented by the persona of life.

Each of the poems is rich in emotional quotient and colourfully sketched with words.

Sai Shri’s first anthology of poems was published eight years ago, on 21 December 2012.

Aviyal has been published by the renowned Emerald Publishers, Chennai.

Our sincere thanks to Ms. Nalini Olivannan, for having published this book.

You may want to read this blogger’s little post on Sai kiddo HERE on our past post. 

image: emeraldpublishersdotcom

Resources @ The American Center, Chennai

Access the Rich Resources @ eLibraryUSA 

The American Center [formerly known as the American Library] is providing temporary access to eLibraryUSA to its individual members.

Established in 1947, the Center has played a special role in fostering relationships between the people of the United States and South India.  People across the region have shared with us their memories of the American Center - how it inspired, informed, and changed them. 

Dr. Lilian Jasper, Principal, WCC, Chennai, at the American Center, Chennai

With an event space, DVD viewing kiosks, online databases, and much more, the American Center incorporates some of the latest trends and technologies.  They have more than 15,000 books and printed materials and one of the largest collections of American Studies materials in South Asia.

The American Center organizes a wide range of interactive programs both virtually and in-person. 

There’s something for everyone, whether English language workshops, entrepreneurial mentoring, sessions on U.S. higher education, or discussions on a full range of U.S. policy, society and culture, film screenings, and story-telling sessions. 

The American Center is a platform for South Indians and Americans from all walks of life to come together to engage on issues of common and global interest.

The dedicated staff provide a wide range of resources and services, offering accurate and current information about American government and civil society institutions, policies, the economy, global issues, culture, literature, history, and contemporary life.

For more information on the American Center & its resources, you may kindly click on the HERE.

You may also want to access Dr. Lilian Jasper’s take on Books & Reading, in her talk titled, Wading through Literature, on our past post HERE.

PS: We are extremely grateful to Ms. Usha Alagappan, American Center, Chennai, for sharing this valuable information with us.

image courtesy: indotusembassydotgov/education-culture/american-spaces/american-space-chennai/

Wednesday, 28 April 2021

Call for Papers for an Anthology on Science Fiction

 CALL FOR RESEARCH PAPERS

ON

SCIENCE FICTION

 Edited by

Dr. SURESH FREDERICK

&

Dr. SAMUEL RUFUS

Dear CO-RESEARCHERS!

We intend to bring out a Refereed anthology on Science Fiction.

The volume will be published with an ISBN (International Standard Book Number) by a renowned Delhi based publisher.

Authentic, scholarly and unpublished research papers are invited from researchers, Lecturers, Assistant Professors, Associate Professors and Professors from all over the world for this volume.


[A sample of our earlier publications with the reputed Author Press, New Delhi]
Guidelines for your Paper

Ø  Paper size: A4

Ø  Title of the paper: Sentence case (Capitalize each word), centered.

Ø  Font & size: Times New Roman 12.

Ø  Spacing: double line.

Ø  References: Please follow MLA Handbook strictly. Don’t use Footnotes, Use Endnotes

Ø  Titles of books: Italics.

Ø  Articles should be submitted as MS Word attachments only.

Ø  The paper should be around 10-20 pages in 1.5 spacing.

Each paper must be accompanied by

i)  A declaration that it is an original work and has not been published anywhere else or sent for publication 

ii) Abstract of paper about 100-200 words and

iii) A short bio-note of the contributor(s) indicating name, institutional affiliation, brief career history, postal address, mobile number and e-mail, in a single attachment. Please don’t send more attachments. Give these things below your paper and send all these things in a single attachment.

Mode of Submission

Each contributor is advised to send a full paper with brief bio-note, declaration and abstract as a single MS-Word email attachments to my email address: sfheber@gmail.com on or before 31 May 2021.

Selection Procedure

All submissions will be sent for blind peer reviewing. Final selection will be made only if the papers are recommended for publication by the reviewers. The details of the selection of your paper will be informed to you through email. The editor has the right to make necessary editing of selected papers for the sake of conceptual clarity and formatting. Each contributor will get a free complimentary copy from the publisher.

Tuesday, 27 April 2021

Calling all Philatelists!

Summer Camp for Stamp Collectors 

via ONLINE MODE | 05 - 28 May 2021

Stamps provide a microcosm of the world, or in other words, they are miniature gateways to the globe! 

Philately is the study of postage stamps, stamped envelopes, postmarks, postcards, etc. It also refers to the art of collecting these items.

It is a lovely and exciting hobby that’s not only sheer joy and fun, but also highly educative in its appeal.

The stamp collector gets to gain knowledge on a range of fields right from geography, geology, demography, to history, culture, art, etc.,

That’s hence philately is also called “The King of hobbies!”

To nurture the young minds on this highly educative component of stamp collecting, the Philatelic Bureau, Anna Road HPO, Chennai 600 002 is organizing a “Summer Camp” through Online mode in the month of May 2021 in the following Sessions.

Batch 1 | 05.05.2021 – 07.05.2021 | 10.30-12.30

Batch 2 | 11.05.2021 – 13.05.2021 | 10.30-12.30

Batch 3 | 19.05.2021 – 21.05.2021 | 10.30-12.30

Batch 4 | 26.05.2021 – 28.05.2021 | 10.30-12.30

Eligibility Criteria

Interested Children between age 8 and 14 (as on 31.03.2021) may enroll for this camp by paying a registration fee of Rs.250/- per individual.  The allotment for the session will depend on the motto “First Come First Serve only”. The Modification for the Session will not be encouraged.

Entry fee should be sent through Cheque/Demand Draft Only. Drawn in favour of The Chief Postmaster, Anna Road HPO, Chennai 600 002. 

The entry fee should be sent along with the Application in the format mentioned below, through Speed post of Registered post only, addressed to “The Chief Postmaster, Anna Road HPO, Chennai 600 002”. 

Last date for receipt of Entry fee and application is 30.04.2021.

Entry fee will be utilized for the following:

For opening of Philately Deposit Account in the name of Participant, through which New release of Commemorative Stamps will be dispatched to the participant until it is exhausted. 

The account can be Recharged further by the Children in due course.

Besides, the Philatelic materials required for Summer Camp will be sent to the Participant by Post.

Batches/Sessions will be allotted by this end and will be communicated through email along with the “Line for Webinar” created for Summer Camp.

On Completion of Summer Camp, Participation Certificates will be sent to the Participants by Post.

This is stated in a press release issued by the Shri. Kumar, Chief Postmaster, Anna Road HPO, Chennai 600 002

For more details, you may contact 9600113460 or on 044-28543199.

image: pinterestdotcom

Monday, 26 April 2021

World Intellectual Property Day - 26 April 2021

World Intellectual Property Day - 2021

World Intellectual Property Day is observed on 26 April each year with the avowed aim of increasing people’s awareness and understanding of intellectual property (IP).

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, works together with various government agencies, non-government organizations, community groups and individuals to hold different events and activities to promote World Intellectual Property Day each year.

WIPO is committed to developing a balanced and accessible international intellectual property (IP) system, that rewards creativity, stimulates innovation and contributes to economic development, even while safeguarding the public interest.

The Copyright Act 1957 was the first post-independence copyright legislation in our country. In addition to the Copyright Act, the Information Technology Act was enacted in the year 2000 to prevent cyber violations that happen across the internet and through computers.

Today copyright is given even for paintings, drawings, photographs, music, movies, software, designing, etc.

The Copyright Office website of the Government of India states that,

Some of the important amendments to the Copyright Act in 2012 are extension of copyright protection in the digital environment such as –

penalties for circumvention of technological protection measures and rights management information, and

liability of internet service provider and introduction of statutory licenses for cover versions and broadcasting organizations;

ensuring right to receive royalties for authors, and music composers,

exclusive economic and moral rights to performers, equal membership rights in copyright societies for authors and other right owners and exception of copyrights for physically disabled to access any works, etc.

Image: https://www.wipodotint/ip-outreach/en/ipday/

Sunday, 25 April 2021

The Library Summer Challenge

The Library Summer Challenge

[In honour of World Book Day]

@ EBOOK BINGO: ONLEIHE – GOETHE-INSTITUT’S ELIBRARY

The Library Summer Challenge is back this year as eBook Bingo - a digital reading challenge!

Participants need to register yourselves on their registration link.

eBook Bingo encourages readers to plunge into a variety of books, authors and genres at Onleihe, the free digital library offered by Geothe-Institut.

The aim is to expand the reading comfort zones and inspire reluctant readers with reading incentives.

If you love to discover new books, authors and genres in Onleihe - the free digital library offered by Goethe-Institut, register rightaway at their link HERE.

Once you register and activate, you will have access to more than 35,000 eBooks, audio books, movies, materials for German language learners, etc.

Magazines and newspapers are available for downloading from the Onleihe on PC, laptop and mobile devices. At the end of the loan period, the media becomes unavailable by default.

Registrations open Friday, 23 April 2021.

Click HERE for the POSTER.

Saturday, 24 April 2021

"Playing It My Way" - Nuggets of Inspiration from Sachin Tendulkar's Autobiography...

Playing it My Way

[From Sachin Tendulkar’s Autobiography]

On the occasion of our cricketing legend the Master Blaster Sachin Tendulkar’s birthday today, me thought of doing a book review of his autobiography titled, Playing it My Way, that he has co-authored with Boria Majumdar.

Sachin Tendulkar played cricket for 24 years and retired in 2013. In this book, published in 2014, Sachin talks about his journey from his first Test match at the age of 16 to his 100th international century and the final farewell. He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, Bharat Ratna Award, interestingly, on the day of his retirement.

The blurb to his autobiography says –

The most celebrated Indian cricketer of all time, he received the Bharat Ratna Award – India’s highest civilian honour – on the day of his retirement. Now Sachin Tendulkar tells his own remarkable story – from his first Test cap at the age of 16 to his 100th international century and the emotional final farewell that brought his country to a standstill.

When a boisterous Mumbai youngster’s excess energies were channelled into cricket, the result was record-breaking schoolboy batting exploits that launched the career of a cricketing phenomenon. Before long Sachin Tendulkar was the cornerstone of India’s batting line-up, his every move watched by a cricket-mad nation’s devoted followers.

Never had a cricketer been burdened with so many expectations; never has a cricketer performed at such a high level for so long and with such style – scoring more runs and making more centuries than any other player, in both Tests and one-day games. And perhaps only one cricketer could have brought together a shocked nation by defiantly scoring a Test century shortly after terrorist attacks rocked Mumbai.

His many achievements with India include winning the World Cup and topping the world Test rankings. Yet he has also known his fair share of frustration and failure – from injuries and early World Cup exits to stinging criticism from the press, especially during his unhappy tenure as captain.

Despite his celebrity status, Sachin Tendulkar has always remained a private man, devoted to his family and his country. Now, for the first time, he provides a fascinating insight into his personal life and gives a frank and revealing account of a sporting life like no other,

says the blurb to the book.

There are quite a lot of takeaways for the discerning reader from his autobiography. Will share just a few of them.

On Confidence

One of the most prominent words that we find in his Autobiography would be the word, ‘confidence’ that occurs almost 50 times throughout the book.

‘We had every reason to feel confident’, or

‘We were silently confident of reaching the steep target of 325’,

or

‘I replied with confidence!’

On Respect

The word ‘respect’ occurs almost two dozen times in his Autobiography.

Right from chapter one, where he talks about the high respects he had for his father,

Or the respect he has for his wife Anjali, or the respect he has for his opponents,

Or his respects for the game of Cricket,

Or his respect for the pitch, ‘It was only right to thank the pitch for everything and do namaskar (offer my respects)’.

Or respects for his guru Achrekar Sir,

Or showing respect to his Nation,

And finally, respect for his fans,

He feels that respect and credibility always go together.

On Appreciation

Next in line comes the word, appreciation!

Be it his appreciation for his wife, or appreciating his opponents, or his fans, the legend was always ahead! He calls them ‘tokens of appreciation’!

“Anjali took over the home front, allowing me to continue with my cricket, and I will always appreciate the sacrifice she made very early in our lives”.

Fondly recollecting the delightful day his daughter Sara was born, he says, 

I asked permission from the hospital authorities to stay with Anjali in her room. I simply did not want to leave my wife and daughter alone.

While I knew that they were in good hands, I wanted to be with them the whole time. They were only too kind and suggested that, while there wasn’t an extra bed for me, I could stay in the same room as Anjali and they were happy to provide a mattress, which was placed on the floor. That was fine with me and I will always appreciate their help.

Sara, according to everyone who saw her, was a carbon copy of me and I loved the act of putting her to sleep in my arms. I would just rock her for a couple of minutes and she would go off to sleep. I had a beard then and once she was a few months old I would place her on my lap and brush her hair with it. It was a favourite father–daughter pastime and something both of us loved to do every day.

Ravi and I have always been good friends and in Nagpur we had dinner in my room and he repeatedly told me that I should not start to doubt myself after a few failures. His confidence in me was reassuring and I greatly appreciated the gesture.

He calls them ‘tokens of appreciation’

Other Words of Positivity

Other positive words like cheering, happiness, warmth, friendliness, encouragement, making others proud, sense of optimism, feeling positive all the time, etc., abound all through the book.

And he openly comes out with his antagonism towards Greg Chappell, the Indian Cricket coach then, for not respecting the Captain Rahul Dravid!

I was surprised to hear the coach not showing the slightest amount of respect for the captain”, with cricket’s biggest tournament just months away”.

“In my opinion, Indian cricket benefited significantly when the BCCI decided to end Chappell’s tenure in April 2007. Several of our senior players were relieved to see him go, which was hardly surprising because, for reasons hard to comprehend, he had not treated them particularly fairly. His attitude to Sourav, for example, was astonishing”, says Sachin.

He also has abundant words of appreciation for most of his fellow players!

Although there are very interesting incidents all through the book, I would just highlight the most important ones, especially from his personal front that he has mentioned in his autobiography!

The rest of the book, especially his cricket part, where the Little Master Blaster has described matches to the most intricate detail, sometimes even ball by ball, I guess those snippets are for you to relish it for yourself.

Sachin begins his autobiography by quoting from his father’s valuable words of advice for him…

‘Son, life is like a book. It has numerous chapters. It also has many a lesson in it.

Life resembles a pendulum too! A pendulum in which success and failure, joy and sorrow are merely extremes of the central reality. The lessons to be learnt from success and failure are equally important. More often than not, failure and sorrow are bigger teachers than success and happiness.

I am asking you, son, to keep a pleasant disposition and maintain a balanced nature. Do not allow success to breed arrogance in you. If you remain humble, people will give you love and respect even after you have finished with the game. As a parent, I would be happier hearing people say, “Sachin is a good human being” than “Sachin is a great cricketer” any day.’

My father’s words, which I often heard while growing up, encapsulate my life’s philosophy.

On his Parents

My father, Ramesh Tendulkar, was an acclaimed Marathi poet, critic and professor, while my mother, Rajani, worked for the Life Insurance Corporation of India.

Humility and modesty were their hallmarks and I owe a lot of my personality to my upbringing. Despite all my unreasonableness and all the embarrassments I caused them, my parents never gave up on me.

In fact, I have often wondered just how they managed to cope with such a naughty child. 

Though he must have been pushed to the limits sometimes, my father would never shout at me and was always patient when dealing with my mischief.

On his Mother in Particular

My mother made the most delicious dishes - fish and prawn curry, lentils and rice, for us at home, and I owe my appetite and love of food to her. I fondly remember lying on her lap after eating delicious home-cooked meals, as she sang the most beautiful songs while trying to get me off to sleep. Listening to her while dozing off at the end of the day instilled in me a love for music that has remained with me to this day.

On his brothers

My brothers, Nitin and Ajit, have always backed me in my endeavours and, on the cricket side, I owe a lot to Ajit, who is ten years older than me and was a good club cricketer himself but decided to sacrifice his own career to help me achieve my potential.

My eldest brother, Nitin, easily the most creative of the siblings, was the strict disciplinarian in the Tendulkar household and helped rein in my exuberance when my mother had almost given up on me. He not only sketches really well, but is also an accomplished writer and poet and has recently written songs for a movie.

On his Sister Savita

Savita, my sister, gave me my first cricket bat. She travelled to Kashmir for a holiday when I was five and brought me back a Kashmir willow bat. She is easily the calmest of the siblings and has a very reserved and composed demeanour. She stays unruffled in difficult situations and we often consulted her on critical matters while growing up.

Prankster Sachin

In my growing-up years, there was a great deal of construction work taking place in the place we stayed. This gave me and my friends the opportunity to play quite a few pranks on our neighbours. While we were never violent and never caused bodily harm to others, I’m ashamed to admit we sometimes enjoyed having a laugh at the expense of other members of the colony. For us it was fun, plain and simple, but looking back at some of the mischief we got up to now is rather embarrassing.

One of our regular tricks was to dig a deep hole in the sand left behind by the contractors and cover it with newspapers before disguising it with sand. Then we’d deliberately lure people to walk over it. As they sank into the crater, we’d be in fits of laughter. Another was to pour water on unsuspecting passers-by from our apartment on the fourth floor, and I remember that feasting on mangoes picked from trees we weren’t supposed to touch was also a favourite pastime.

On his Wife Anjali

As I was trying to establish myself as an international cricketer, my personal life changed dramatically in August 1990 when I met Anjali, my future wife. It was the beginning of by far the best partnership of my life.

I had just landed in Mumbai on our return from the 1990 tour of England and was waiting to pick up my bags when I first saw an extremely attractive woman looking down from the viewing gallery in the airport. Little did I know then that I had just seen my life partner. She was standing with a friend of hers, Dr Aparna Santhanam, now a well-known dermatologist in Mumbai. We had fleeting eye contact and then she disappeared.

The next I saw of the two of them was when I was making my way out of the airport. I spotted Anjali, dressed in an orange T-shirt and blue jeans, running out of the gate, apparently chasing after me. That was not all, because she soon started yelling, ‘He is sooooo cute!’ I felt awkward and started to blush, as I knew both Ajit and Nitin were waiting outside to take me home.

Anjali and I courted each other for five years between 1990 and 1995, a commitment that led to engagement and finally marriage.

We got engaged on 24 April 1994, which also happened to be my twenty-first birthday. The engagement party was a low-key affair with family and close friends and was held at Anjali’s family’s house at Warden Road, Breach Candy, in South Mumbai. It was an occasion of great significance in our lives and we will always remember the joy we felt.

Our families were delighted at the union and it marked a whole new beginning for me. We finally tied the knot on 25 May 1995. Anjali Mehta had become Anjali Tendulkar and I entered a new phase in my life.

I Will Play

Although there are very many interesting incidents connected with his playing all through the book, I would just highlight one particular incident from one of his very early matches -

It Was the Fourth Test, Sialkot, 9–14 December 1989

“The wicket was green, but the December weather was also heavy, resulting in a lot of early-morning fog. This meant the four Pakistani fast bowlers could come at us all day, hoping to roll us over and secure the upper hand Waqar was bowling from one end and it was absolutely essential to survive the initial burst”.

“I had just scored my first run when Waqar bowled a short delivery, which I expected would rise chin-high. I misjudged the bounce of the ball. It rose six inches higher than expected and hit me on the flap of my helmet before deflecting and hitting my nose. At the time I was the only batsman besides Srikkanth not to wear a grille”.

“My vision was blurred and my head felt heavy. But again, going off would suggest I was scared. And truly I wasn’t. It wasn’t the first time I had been hit, though the impact was much more severe than anything I had suffered before. I decided to carry on and said, (I will play.) It was important for my own self-esteem, and by staying in I felt I had made a statement to the opposition”.

His Farewell Speech

The last part of his autobiography carries his memorable farewell speech that he delivered at the Wankhede stadium, Mumbai on 16 November 2013!

“I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart, and also say that time has flown by rather quickly, but the memories that you have left with me will always be with me for ever and ever, especially ‘Sachin, Sachin’. That will reverberate in my ears … till I stop breathing. Thank you very much. If I’ve, if I’ve missed out on saying something, missed out on a few names, I hope you understand. Goodbye”.

Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai

16 November 2013

signs off, the legendary god of cricket, Sachin Tendulkar!

Here’s wishing the ultimate superstar of cricket Sachin Tendulkar, the Little Master a very happy birthday on his 48th birthday today!

Friday, 23 April 2021

'How to Read a Book' - The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading

How to Read a Book

By Mortimer J. Adler

& Charles Van Doren

Bringing you dear reader, some beautiful excerpts from this lovely book, on the occasion of World Book Day, today, 23 April 2021.

How to Read a Book was first published in ‘the early months of 1940’.

‘This is a book for readers and for those who wish to become readers’.

‘Particularly, it is for readers of books’.

‘Even more particularly, it is for those whose main purpose in reading books is to gain increased understanding’, says Mortimer Adler on the purpose behind this book!

Then Mortimer Adler proceeds to outline the goals of reading thus -

The Goals of Reading –

Reading for Information

Reading for Understanding

Reading for Entertainment

The first sense is the one in which we speak of ourselves as reading newspapers, magazines, or anything else that, according to our skill and talents, is at once thoroughly intelligible to us.

Such things may increase our store of information, but they CANNOT improve our understanding, for our understanding was equal to them before we started.

The second sense is the one in which a person tries to read something that at first he does not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is initially better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader's understanding.

The point we want to emphasize here is that this book is about the art of reading for the sake of increased understanding

Of course, there is the third sense - still another goal of reading - besides gaining information and understanding, and that is entertainment.

On Present and Absent Teachers

Listening to a course of lectures, for example, is in many respects like reading a book; and listening to a poem is like reading it. Yet there is good reason to place primary emphasis on reading, and let listening become a secondary concern.

The reason is that -

listening is learning from a teacher who is present - a living teacher - while reading is learning from one who is absent.

If you ask a living teacher a question, he will probably answer you. If you are puzzled by what he says, you can save yourself the trouble of thinking by asking him what he means.

If, however, you ask a book a question, you must answer it yourself. In this respect a book is like nature or the world. When you question it, it answers you only to the extent that you do the work of thinking and analysis yourself.

Students in school often read difficult books with the help and guidance of teachers.

But for those of us who are not in school, and indeed also for those of us who are when we try to read books that are not required or assigned, our continuing education depends mainly on books alone, read without a teacher's help.

Therefore if we are disposed to go on learning and discovering, we must know how to make books teach us well.

That, indeed, is the primary goal of this book, says Mortimer Adler.

Stages of Learning to Read

[The first level of Reading – Elementary Reading]

The first stage is known by the term "reading readiness."

This begins, it has been pointed out, at birth, and continues normally until the age of about six or seven.

Physical readiness involves good vision and hearing.

Intellectual readiness involves a minimum level of visual perception such that the child can take in and remember an entire word and the letters that combine to form it.

In the second stage, children learn to read very simple materials.

They usually begin by learning a few sight words, and typically manage to master perhaps three hundred to four hundred words by the end of the first year.

Basic skills are introduced at this time, such as the use of context or meaning clues and the beginning sounds of words. By the end of this period pupils are expected to be reading simple books independently and with enthusiasm.

The third stage is characterized by rapid progress in vocabulary building and by increasing skill in "unlocking" the meaning of unfamiliar words through context clues.

In addition, children at this stage learn to read for different purposes and in different areas of content, such as science, social studies, language arts, and the like. They learn that reading, besides being something one does at school, is also something one can do on one's own, for fun, to satisfy curiosity, or even to "expand one's horizons."

Finally, the fourth stage is characterized by the refinement and enhancement of the skills previously acquired.

Above all, the student begins to be able to assimilate his reading experiences - that is, to carry over concepts from one piece of writing to another, and to compare the views of different writers on the same subject.

This, the mature stage of reading, should be reached by young persons in their early teens. Ideally, they should continue to build on it for the rest of their lives.

THE SECOND LEVEL OF READING: INSPECTIONAL READING

In this case, what you must do is skim the book, or, as some prefer to say, pre-read it.

Skimming or pre-reading is the first sublevel of inspectional reading.

Your main aim is to discover whether the book requires a more careful reading.

LOOK AT THE TITLE PAGE AND, IF THE BOOK HAS ONE, AT ITS PREFACE.

Read each quickly. Note especially the subtitles or other indications of the scope or aim of the book or of the author's special angle on his subject.

STUDY THE TABLE OF CONTENTS to obtain a general sense of the book's structure; use it as you would a road map before taking a trip.

It is astonishing how many people never even glance at a book's table of contents unless they wish to look something up in it.

In fact, many authors spend a considerable amount of time in creating the table of contents, and it is sad, to think their efforts are often wasted.

CHECK THE INDEX if the book has one! Most expository works do. Make a quick estimate of the range of topics covered and of the kinds of books and authors referred to.

If the book is a new one with a dust jacket, READ THE PUBLISHER's BLURB.

Some people have the impression that the blurb is never anything but sheer puffery. But this is quite often not true, especially in the case of expository works.

Finally, TURN THE PAGES, DIPPING IN HERE AND THERE, READING A PARAGRAPH OR TWO, SOMETIMES SEVERAL PAGES IN SEQUENCE, NEVER MORE THAN THAT. Thumb through the book in this way, always looking for signs of the main contention, listening for the basic pulsebeat of the matter.