Monday 15 August 2005

OUR PRESENT CIVILIZATION - C.E.M.JOAD

Our Present Civilization - C.E.M. Joad

PRAISE OF OUR CIVILIZATION:

Order and Safety:

C.E.M. Joad praises our present civilization because there is order and safety.

In disputes between man and man,
Right has taken the place of might.
Without safety, those higher activities of mankind which make up civilization could not go on.

The inventor could not invent,
The scientist could not find out, or
The artist could not make beautiful things.
Hence, order and safety are as necessary to our civilization as the air we breathe is to us. Thus, order and safety is a great achievement of our civilization today.

Good health and long life:

People today are free from the fear of pain because of the common use of anaesthetics. To be healthy is not to be civilized – because even savaged are often healthy, but unless one has good health, he or she cannot enjoy or achieve anything. Not only do men and women enjoy better health but also live longer than they ever did before.

Present civilization: Widely Spread:

Our civilization is more secure because it is much more widely spread. Most of the previous civilizations came to an end because uncivilized peoples broke in and destroyed them. This was the fate of Babylon, Assyria, India, China, Greece and Rome. Previous civilizations were specialized and limited like an oasis in a surrounding desert of savagery. Eventually, the desert closed in and the oasis was no more. But to-day, it is the oasis which is spreading over the desert. Practically no part of the world is untouched by it.

Present Civilization - : The World as One:
For the first time, the world has now a chance of becoming a single whole, a unity. To-day, the food we eat comes from all over the world. The things in a grocer’s shop are from the ends of the earth. There are:
1. oranges from Brazil,
2. grapes from Africa,
3. rice from India,
4. tea from china,
5. sugar from Columbia etc.
To-day the world is beginning to look more like one enormous box. Therefore, there is little danger upon our civilization from outside. The danger comes only from within; it is a danger from among us. Thus, C.E. M. Joad brings us to the defects of our civilization.

DEFECTS OF OUR CIVILIZATION:
The first Defect: Disparity in sharing-out of National Income:

To-day, the sharing-out of money – the sharing-out of food, clothing, houses and books, is still very unfair. In England alone, in sharing out of the National Income, we find that one half is divided among every sixteen people and the seventeenth person gets the other half. So while some few people live in luxury, many have not even enough to eat and drink and wear. Again, in England to-day, thousands of people live in dreadful surroundings. There are many families of five or six persons who live in a single room; in this same room they are born and in this same room they die, because, they are too poor to afford another room.

Until everyone gets his proper share of necessary and delightful things, our civilization will not be perfect.

The Second Defect: - The Danger of War: -

A still greater danger comes from war. Four years from 1914 to 1918, the most destructive war that the world has known, took place between the great nations of Western Europe. The chief causes were fear and pride. Each nation was afraid of the power of the other nations and each nation was too proud to admit it.

In spite of this last explosion, to-day, nations are spending still more money on war preparation thus leading to another destructive blaze which will probably burn up civilization altogether.

What may prevent this is a body called the League of Nations, which was set up after the last war.

This is a sort of law court for nations to which they could bring their disputes for settlement. Thus, in the league of nations lies one of the chief hopes in the world.

The Third Great Defect: - The Danger from Machines: -

The third great defect of our civilization is that we do not know how to manage our machines.
Machines were made to be man’s servants; yet, they have grown to become his masters;
Moreover, the machines are very stern masters. They must be fed with coal, given petrol to drink, oil to wash with, and they must be kept at the right temperature. So we have to wait upon them attentively and do all that we can to keep them in a good temper. The time may come when they rule us altogether, just as we rule the animals.

Conclusion:

Thus, in this essay, C.E.M. Joad praises the remarkable progress mankind has made in the field of civilization like order, safety, health and security. He also points out the dangers of our civilization in the form of war and machines. The author feels that machines are not civilization, but aids to civilization. If man will give his time and energy to
Making more beautiful things
Removing the cause of quarrels between nations, and,
Discovering how to remove poverty,
then, our civilization would be the greatest and the most lasting that has ever been.

*****

OLD MAN AT THE BRIDGE - ERNEST HEMINGWAY

Old Man at the Bridge – Ernest Hemingway

Introduction:

Ernest Hemingway’s fiction contains a good deal of pessimism and sadness. This was because Hemingway was listed during the World War II and for a number of years had to fight during the Spanish Civil War. His experiences in the wars were extremely saddening, and he was oppressed by the thought that on the one hand man is so noble, so dignified, and on the other hand he has to dissipate and lose nobility, energy, and dignity in self-exterminating wars. This feeling he has portrayed most vividly in “The Old Man at the Bridge,” a sensitive story about refugees who were displaced by the Spanish Civil War during 1936 – ’39.

Background to the Story: The Spanish Civil War (1936 – ‘39)

The conflict between the Nationalists and the Republicans in Spain culminated in the Civil War in 1936. In bitter fighting, the Nationalists, led by General Franco, gradually gained control of the countryside. After periods of prolonged stalemate, Franco finally succeeded in capturing Barcelona and Madrid in early 1939. He established a Fascist dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975.

A Critical Summary of the Story:

The first part of the story neatly draws the picture. An attack is feared. The area is being evacuated. The people are moving out in trucks and carts. The narrator (Hemingway), an army officer on duty, to watch the advance of the enemy, has taken position on a bridge. Now he describes the protagonist of the story, an old man about seventy-six, with steel-rimmed spectacles and very dusty clothes who sat by the side of the road.

The officer is constantly looking across the bridge. He again and again mentions that the number of trucks and carts is growing less and less. Then the last one goes. Thus giving an impression that the evacuation is almost complete. Therefore, the old man cannot be allowed to stay any longer. The carts, the peasants, and the trucks were passing by, but the old man sat there without moving. He was too tired to go any further.

The officer asks the old man about his political loyalty. It shows that even as he is moved by sympathy for the old man he does not forget his duty – (because the old man may be an enemy spy also). On enquiry, the old man said that he was from San Carlos and that he had no family. He had some birds and animals but he had left them in San Carlos when the Captain told him to leave the place because of the artillery. He had kept a cat, two goats and four pairs of pigeons. He had come twelve kilometres until then, but he was not in a position to move further because of fatigue.

The old man was deeply concerned about his birds and animals. The cat would look after itself. The pigeons would fly away as he had left the cage open. However, he was much worried about the goats, as there was no one in the village to take care of them. the old man says again and again: “I was taking care of animals.” The adverb ‘only’ is significant. It brings out Hemingway’s point that this mad war unnecessarily destroys even such useful human beings who help to sustain life.

The animals the old man kept were goats, cats and pigeons. This is significant for its symbolism. The cats are clever and shrewd. They can take care of themselves. The goats are too innocent. They must die. The pigeons can fly. But whereto? This in a nutshell is what war does. The clever and the shrewd benefit by it, and as for the rest, they are left to fend for themselves with their homes and shelters destroyed.

Hemingway felt sorry for the old man and the people like him who had been mentally broken by the civil war. Thus, Hemingway portrays the devastating effects of war through this moving short story.

*****

Friday 5 August 2005

MTC Bus Pass Students' List - 2005-06

Madras Christian COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) MTC Bus PASS List
  1. R. P. Bhuvaneshwari
  1. Meenakshi, M (Voc)
  1. Shanthini, C
  1. Madhan Kumar, S

III B.Sc Zoology
  1. Dhanalakshmi, J
  1. Uma Selvi, D. J
  1. Hemalatha, S
  1. Balamurugan, P
  1. Murali Krishna, P.C
  1. Shalini, R
  1. Sudha, S
  1. Goutham, S
  1. Ramesh, M

I B.Sc Maths
  1. J. Kulandai Thereas
  1. S. Revathy
  1. C. Mallika
  1. K. Jenitha
  1. R. Preetha
  1. Chandrasekhar, V
  1. K. Sondaramanikandan
  1. N. Divya
  1. R. Deepika
  1. D. Anburaj
  1. R. Renuka Devi
  1. Deepak Prashar
  1. Malarvizhi, T
  1. Arun Kumar, M
  1. Dilli Babu, S
  1. Simon Manuel, S
  1. Ezhilarasu, S. D

II B.Sc Maths
  1. T. Geetha
  1. I. Grace Sumitha
  1. V. Subramaniam
  1. Leo Sphinx Appadurai
  1. Sarah Faith, J
  1. D.Jasmine Selva Geetha
  1. S. Kalaiselvi
  1. Ramya Jose, S
  1. S. Azariah Alex Shatrach
  1. B. Kannan
  1. A. Saravanan
  1. Ravishankar, A
  1. M. Jegannathan
  1. Rajesh Kumar, B
  1. V. Venkatareddy
  1. D. Olive Jebakani
  1. A. J. Jenifer Sagaya Selvi
  1. Brightson Christopher
  1. Angelin, J
  1. Selvakumar, J

III B.Sc Maths
  1. J. Glory
  1. R. Priya
  1. Kavin Jacob, S
  1. P.D. Gnanaraj
  1. Daniel Cruz, P
  1. Jeesu John Christo

I B.Sc Statistics
  1. Leejo K. Thomas
  1. Giri Prassath, S
  1. D. Vimal Raj
  1. Poornima, S
  1. Mohan, S
  1. Surya, K
  1. Kugan, M

II B.Sc Statistics
  1. Murali, V
  1. Krishna Kumar, D
  1. Karthick, M
  1. Augusteen, J
  1. Vijayalakshmi, S
  1. Jabeetha, S.V
  1. Divya Prabha, S
  1. Ramya, P
  1. Aparna, S
  1. Charanya, S
  1. Sai Priya, A.K
  1. Angeline Priyadharshini, D

III B.Sc Statistics
  1. S. Divya
  1. S. Ramya
  1. M. Pricella
  1. R. Arul Gandhi
  1. Samuel Rajkumar, G
  1. D. Richard Kirubakaran
  1. V. Shrividya
  1. C. Dinesh

II M.A History
  1. Anita, R

II M.A Pol.Science
  1. Deva Irakkam Stalin
  1. John Manuel, R

I M.S.W
  1. Anitha Princy, J
  1. Balaji, R
  1. Arun Jayaraj, A
  1. Sujatha, D
  1. Jetson Sathya Gospel

II M.S.W [Day]

  1. Vailankanni, K
  1. Godson, R
  1. Godwin Ebenezer, S
  1. Padmanabhan, S
  1. Marita, J
  1. Rebecca, D
  1. Saravana Kumar, S
  1. Anitha, A
  1. Roopa Venkiteswaran
  1. Rajesh Samuel Christopher, S
  1. Divya, R
  1. Gunasekhar, N
  1. Rekha Pokhrel
  1. Lijo K. Alex
  1. Sachin Devasia Paraparakath
  1. Binny George
  1. Harris Vinoj

I M.A Tamil
  1. Saravanan, K
  1. Hemavathy, V
  1. Sudha, D
  1. Ilavarasi, M
  1. Antony Sanjiyakar Prakash, J
  1. Gayathri, M

II M.A Tamil
  1. Elizabeth Dorothy
  1. Emi Florence
  1. Sheela, T
  1. Thennaga Rani
  1. Jeba Ananthi, D
  1. Kasiraja, G

I M.A English
  1. Anand Krishnan, K
  1. Melvin, S
  1. Preethi Shankar
  1. Luke Gerard Christie

II M.A English
  1. Sariga Raj
I M. A Philosophy
  1. Sridar Kirubakaran, Y

II M. A Philosophy
  1. Solomon Livingston, G

I M.A Public Administration
  1. Ramya Krishnan, M
  1. Rashmi, K
  1. Portia Roselin, M
  1. Jeyaseelan, K

II M. A Public Administration
  1. Galauki Aukaiah
  1. T. Stalin Vinoth
  1. Durai, N
  1. Nisha, D
  1. Devaiah, N.G
  1. Udayakumar, K

I M.A Economics
  1. Malar, D
  1. Jagadeeswaraiah, N

II M. A Economics
  1. S. Malathi
  1. S. Aswini
  1. Indra, D
  1. Mary Radhika, B

I M.Com
  1. V. Nisha
  1. Shashila, S
  1. Sheela, B
  1. Arockia Anand, G
  1. Karthikeyan, K
  1. Mohanasundari, P

II M.Com
  1. M. Jayalakshmi
  1. D. Poornima
  1. S. Selvalakhsmi
  1. A. Salomy
  1. Annamma Chacko
  1. G. D. Sheeba Rani
  1. R. Jenifer
  1. K. Raja
  1. Prasath, T

I M.Sc Maths
  1. Leo, P
  1. Veenavani, D
  1. Satheesh, S
  1. Princy Priscilla, D
  1. Radhika, K
  1. Rajesh, A
  1. Karpagam, G

II MSc Maths
  1. R. Hemamalini
  1. J. Sherin Beula
  1. Libi C. John
  1. S. Stelin Chandra
  1. P. Jebaraj
  1. P. Srinivasan
  1. T. Subhashini

I MSc Statistics
  1. Renjini, S
  1. Sangeetha, T
  1. Lalitha, D

II MSc Statistics
  1. Santhosh, R
  1. Antony Juliana, B
  1. D. Thenmozhi
  1. Thyagarajan, K
  1. Mahalakshmi Sushma

I M.Sc Physics
  1. Bella Jeevamani, G
  1. Senthil Kumar, S
  1. Nandini, U

II MSc Physics
  1. Solomon Praveen, S
  1. Christina Nancy, A
  1. Anushyam Mohan
  1. Muthuvinayagam, A
  1. Ramya, P
  1. Jasmine Vinolia, J

I MSc Botany
  1. Thiyagarajan, C
  1. Poulose, J
  1. Melvin A. Daniel
  1. Melchi Leebana, D
  1. Rangarajan, R
  1. Preethi, P
  1. Karthik Subramaniam, C

II MSc Botany
  1. D. Prabha
  1. K. Lavanya

I MSc Zoology
  1. Manivannan, S
  1. Sai Siddharth, P
  1. Murugan, M
  1. Beulah Margaret, J

II MSc Zoology
  1. T. Archana Devi
  1. A. Anita Rani
  1. S. Anne Lincy
  1. S. Buvaneshwari
  1. W. Pradeepa Jane
  1. K. Rakesh
  1. V. Vivek
  1. Reshma Shahin

I MSc Chemistry
  1. Sathish Kumar, K
  1. Sophia Tharani
  1. Deborah, E
  1. Priya Matharasi, D
  1. Rajathi, R
  1. Sreeraj Gopi

II MSc Chemistry
  1. Arulazhakar, A
  1. Charles Prabhakar, B
  1. C. K. Muralimohan
  1. K. Sathish
  1. M. Suresh Kumar
  1. K. Sundari
  1. M. Sujatha
  1. Anu Ipe
  1. K. Nithya
  1. K. Elango
  1. M. Deepthi
  1. P. Salomi Angel Deepa Kumari
  1. K. Catherine Eclesia
  1. V. Seshathri
  1. Deepa, P.P
  1. Anita, R

I MCA
  1. Charles David Stephenson, J

II MCA
  1. N. T. James
  1. Sridevi, L

III MCA
  1. Subin Raju
  1. M.R.Sumanth
  1. Madhavi Jha
  1. Sumanth, M.R
  1. Dominic Celestine, A
  1. Charles Ponraj, S

I BBA
  1. Anand, R
  1. Abraham Benjamin, J
  1. S. Magesh Kumar
  1. Vigneswaran, G
  1. Benison Idaikumar, W
  1. Sathish Kumar, P
  1. Tandra Tokdar
  1. Poulami Sen

II BBA
  1. Muthushankar, S
  1. Rumesh Shankar, M
  1. Mohd.Ashfaq
  1. Karthik, D
  1. Manoj Sudarsan, J.P
  1. Gordon Martin

III BBA
  1. Rajesh, S
  1. Raghu, E
  1. Alwin Jebasingh, R
  1. Vasantharaj, S
  1. Syed Javid Hussain, I
  1. Priya, R
  1. Pitambar Rao, B
  1. Deepa, J

I BCA
  1.  S. Raichel Hepsiba
  1.  M. Santhanalakshmi
  1.  K. Bhavani
  1. R. Karthick
  1. Poornima, K
  1. V. Rajesh
  1. Abilash, S
  1. Elango, S
  1. Julius Karunakaran, D
  1. Prithviraj, V
  1. Karthikeyan, A.B
  1. Jenifer, F
  1. Justin, V.B

II BCA
  1. Ramya, R
  1. Anish Kumar, N
  1. Dinesh Kumar, R
  1. Sujitha, B
  1. Dhanyan, U
  1. Anu Suja
  1. Sabrish, K
  1. Janaki Raman, A
  1. Gazzali Haneef
  1. M.Susanth Babu

III BCA
  1. Nagaraj, M
  1. Pradeep, S
I B.Sc Phy.Ed
  1. Udhayasuriyan, D
  1. Marudasami, D

II B.Sc Phy.Ed
  1. Parthiban, J

III B.Sc Phy.Ed
  1. Santhanam , S

I B.Com [SFS]
  1. R. Shano Inba Raj
  1. Subramaniam, V
  1. Sudip
  1. Paul Solomon Raj, P
  1. Chandru, S

II B.Com [SFS]
  1. R. Lakshmana Perumal
  1.  V. Bagavathy Saran
  1. P.V. Gosteswaran

III B.Com [SFS]
  1. Indrajith, J
  1. Jagannathan, A

II B.Sc Physics [SFS]
  1. J. Anbarasan

III B.Sc Physics [SFS]
  1. G. Balaji
  1. J. Balaji
  1. Varun Aiyer

I B.Sc Microbiology
  1. Dibakar Saha
  1. Jenny Joshua
  1. Revathy, J

II B.Sc Microbiology
  1. Rajitha, M
  1. Aarthi, S
  1. Arun Krishnamurthy, C
  1. Lavanya, A
  1. V. Padmaja
  1. Anandi Narayanamoorthy
  1. Priyanka Krovi
  1. Magesh Kumar, R
  1. Shibin, R. D

III B.Sc Microbiology
  1. Ronald Ephrain
  1. Saranya, D
  1. Muthu Jagdish

I BSc Vis. Comm
  1. Archana, J
II BSc Vis. Comm
  1. Varsha
  1. S. Velmurugan
  1. V. Gururajan
  1. S. Nivas
  1. Cibi Abiram, U
  1. Revathi, V
  1. Rahul, V. P
  1. Paul James
III B.Sc Vis.Comm
  1. Vinoth Kumar, D
  1. Andrew Timothy Christie

II M.A Communication
  1. Raitale Zeliang
  1. Krishna Veni, K
  1. Tenzin Dickyi
  1. Pradeep Kumar, G.M
  1. Parameshwaran, G

DMLT
  1. Girijamathi, N
  1. Rajalakshmi, P
  1. Tamilazhagan, M
  1. Nithyakalyani, C
  1. Devi, R
  1. Glory Jese Florence, Y
  1. Manikandan, S
  1. Leema, H
  1. Shantha Kumari, D
  1. Gamshing Tulphou Marim, N
  1. Venugopal, P
PGMLT
  1. Rekha Sani, R
  1. Anitha, S
PGDMLT
  1. Padmapriya, R
  1. Jayaraman, R
  1. Murugan, K.A

Ph.D Tamil
       658.            Palani, M