Name list of students availing
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I B.A English
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II B.A English
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III B.A English
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I B. A Tamil
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II B.A Tamil
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III B. A Tamil
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I B. A Economics
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II B. A
Economics
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III B. A
Economics
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I B. A History
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II B. A History
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III B. A History
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I B. A Pol.
Science
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II B. A Pol.
Science
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III B. A Pol.
Science
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I B. A
Philosophy
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II B. A
Philosophy
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III B. A
Philosophy
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I B.Com
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II B.Com
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III B.Com
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I B.Sc Physics
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II B.Sc Physics
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III B.Sc Physics
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I B.Sc Chemistry
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II B.Sc
Chemistry
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III B.Sc
Chemistry
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I B.Sc Pb &
Bt
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II B.Sc Pb &
Bt
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III B.Sc Pb
& Bt
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I B.Sc Zoology
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II B.Sc Zoology
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III B.Sc Zoology
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I B.Sc Maths
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II B.Sc Maths
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III B.Sc Maths
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I B.Sc
Statistics
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II B.Sc
Statistics
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III B.Sc
Statistics
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II M.A History
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II M.A
Pol.Science
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I M.S.W
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II M.S.W [Day]
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I M.A Tamil
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II M.A Tamil
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I M.A English
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II M.A English
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I M. A
Philosophy
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II M. A
Philosophy
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I M.A Public
Administration
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II M. A Public
Administration
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I M.A Economics
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II M. A
Economics
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I M.Com
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II M.Com
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I M.Sc Maths
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II MSc Maths
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I MSc Statistics
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II MSc
Statistics
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I M.Sc Physics
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II MSc Physics
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I MSc Botany
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II MSc Botany
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I MSc Zoology
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II MSc Zoology
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I MSc Chemistry
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II MSc Chemistry
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I MCA
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II MCA
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III MCA
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I BBA
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II BBA
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III BBA
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I BCA
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II BCA
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III BCA
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I B.Sc Phy.Ed
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II B.Sc Phy.Ed
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III B.Sc Phy.Ed
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I B.Com [SFS]
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II B.Com [SFS]
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III B.Com [SFS]
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II B.Sc Physics
[SFS]
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III B.Sc Physics
[SFS]
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I B.Sc
Microbiology
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II B.Sc
Microbiology
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III B.Sc
Microbiology
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I BSc Vis. Comm
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II BSc Vis. Comm
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III B.Sc
Vis.Comm
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II M.A
Communication
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DMLT
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PGMLT
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PGDMLT
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Ph.D Tamil
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658. Palani, M
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Friday, 29 July 2005
MTC Bus Pass Students' List - 2005-06
Monday, 18 July 2005
Alpha - Edward Kamau Brathwaite
IntroductionBrathwaite is a Poet, playwright, critic, and historian, whose works deal with the complex Caribbean heritage and its African roots. He has been a major proponent of the use of "nation language", which is closely allied to the African experience in the Caribbean. His poetry is a part of the collective search of Caribbean identity and racial wholeness. Feelings of rootlessness emerge often from Brathwaite's poems, and in an interview he has confessed that his travels have given him a sense of movement and restlessness.
Substance of the Poem
'Alpha' by Brathwaite is a pathetic poem, a near elegy, which describes the deterioration of Africa. The poem is ironical and anguishing, as it underlines the plight of the African in alien shores. the dominating image of the poem is that of the dynamic river slowly shrinking and ultimately drying up. Brathwaite seems to bemoan the loss of African fluidity caused by the tyrannical greed of the white masters and the credulousness of the native African. The breaking of familial unity suggested by the poem is heart-breaking and filled with pathos.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE POEM
The poem has two parts, underlining the division in the African family - the husband who is away slaving for his white master, and the wife waiting for him patiently at home. In fact, the poem does not speak of spousal separation. The narrator of the poem gives a graphic description of his father and mother. In the first half of the poem, he describes his mother. In the second half, he speaks of his father.
The Narrator's Graphic Description of His Mother
The first part describes how the ancient watercourses of Africa ('my island') have disintegrated into the "echo of river" and "trickle" and are now "worn stone." The springs of Africa have thus petrified. They have now a "sunken voice" inching to the sea. The once copious waters today are just "memory of foam, fossil..."
Once upon a time, the harbour river was navigable for miles. But now the situation has changed. The flowing rivers are now no more. Now, "my mother is a pool." She is not any more flowing on the plaings. She sits on her 'mountain curl', dreaming of her husband working in the plantations away from home.
The
narrator remembers how ancient watercourses have become dead stream, with
footsteps carved on the sands which once contained the streams. The mother now
has become old (‘grey’) but her love for her husband is green.
“and
my mother rains upon the island with her loud voices
With
her grey hairs
With
her green love”
The Narrator’s Description of the Work Place of His Father
The
second part of the poem starts dramatically as the narrator asks us to watch
“the grey street where my father works”.
He has
gone through busy streets full of bicycles, donkey carts and the cries of fish
sellers. He is working in a warehouse owned by a “white man of sugar”. He is a
‘marker of bags, maker of chalk dust’. He carries jute loads climbing up an old
and creaking staircase. He has left Africa for America. Ironically also, he has
left Africa only to transport chalk dust (the miner’s treasure) in America.
In the
meantime, the mother is pining away for him with her ‘gold rings of love’.
“While
my mother sits and calls on Jesus name
She
waits for his return
With
her gold rings of love”.
She
has been waiting for such a long time that the poet says that,
“She
waits with back
Slowly
curving to mountain
From
the deeps of her poor soul”.
She
imagines that her husband is minting money, though in reality, he is working as
a slave in a plantation answering the ‘roll call’. The irony is complete when
the narrator ends the poem saying, “I’ll be there”. Not knowing the reality of
the situation in the plantations, every African dreams of going to the land
‘Columbus founded’.
The
poem ends with the burthen,
“When
the roll is called up yonder” repeated four times to stress the fact of
slavery. Maybe, the mother referred to here is Africa. The father is evidently
the African citizen who has forsaken his motherland foolishly to work elsewhere.
As a consequence, Africa is drying up. The irony is heightened when the poem
ends with ‘I’ll be there’. The poem ends on a note of pessimism as the problem
of Africa seems to be incurable with the prospect of continuous drain looming
large.
Conclusion
The title ‘Alpha’ is significant as it is ironic. ‘Alpha’ means the beginning. The poem contrasts the beginning of Africa, its ancient water courses, with the plight of the Africans abroad. The last line which reiterates the idea of the drain with ‘I’ll be there’ is also ironical as it suggests that it is also beginning the ‘alpha’ of the exodus.
Friday, 15 July 2005
Speed
Speed - Max Beerbohm In this essay "Speed", Max Beerbohm narrates the various incidents which affected his life – as a consequence of speed, and its effect in the day to day affairs of the common man. While exploring the aspects of speed in its context, he pleads for a humane outlook towards life.
Beerbohm cites the poem of William Ernest Henley, whose light of fame shone fiercely in the 1890s. in the very early days of motoring, young Mr.Alfred Harmsworth, who was one of his great admirers, took him out for a long drive in to the country. The Mercedes was for him a glorious revelation, and his muse vibrantly responded, prompting him to write the fine poem which he author has used as an epigraph to the essay.
In those days, cars were not the things they are now. They were wide open to the elements, and wind-screens were unknown and in fine dry weather, air rushed in to the lungs with the utmost violence.
According to Beerbohm, by the discovery of the Mercedes, our portion in Time has been very appreciably magnified. Henley had made a god of literature, the British Empire, and the Tory party. And here was a new god for him – speed. Because, he believed in the idea of Progress.
In a sense, mankind has always loved speed. Speed has always been acknowledged to be great fun. The Marathon race was a very popular institution. So were the Roman chariot races. Coaches seem, indeed, to have been a godsend to all novelists and essayists. There was magic in them. They are not romantic to us alone: they were so to their contemporaries.
It would seem that in machinery there is for most of us something non-conductive of emotion. A man on a horse, a man sailing a boat in a great gale, strikes a chord in us and is a promising subject for literary art. But the man in the aeroplane or in the motor-boat or in the motor-car is somehow less inspiring.
Mental speed has always commanded admiration, like speed of limb. Father Newman wrote his lovely Apologia in eight weeks, and Samuel Johnson his fine Rasselas in the evenings of one week. Edward Gibbon wrote the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire in six months, and Christopher Wren designed St.Paul’s Cathedral in twenty-five minutes. The rapidity of transport that is now at our disposal had duly accelerated the pace at which our brains work. The author has an impression that most people do talk, and eat, much faster than when he was young. Most of the people he happens to meet now are employed somewhere, and after luncheon must hurry back to the places they came from. Bu the author would rather sigh for strolling home, well-satisfied, along the uncrowded pavements and across the quite safe roads.
Roads are a painful subject nowadays. They are places for motorists only. A motorist friend of the author was complaining to him bitterly about the behaviour of pedestrians who were abominably careless and stupid. The author tried to appeal to reason. He says, “After all, we were on the roads for many many centuries before you came along in your splendid car. And remember, it isn’t we that are threatening to kill you. It is you that are threatening to kill us.
When the children of this generation, brought up in fear, shall have become adults, what sort of nervous ailments will their progeny have, one wonders? Very old people and very young people form the majority of those who are annually slaughtered upon our roads.
Let us set a good example to posterity. Let us demand that a driver convixted of dangerous driving gets a more severe punishment. The main root of the mischief is that great fetish of ours, Speed. Some of the friends of the author argue
*****
Monday, 11 July 2005
ANNOUNCEMENT from MTC
M.T.C BUS CONCESSIONS – 2005 – ‘06
Due to some technical problems, M.T.C is not
able to issue the new cards on the prescribed date. The inconvenience caused is
deeply regretted. Some applications have not been perused because they are
found to be either incomplete or erroneous.
Other students who have already applied for
bus concessions will get the same only on Tuesday, 19 July 2005 , and the pass is
valid from Saturday, July
16, 2005 .
I yr PG students who wish to apply for bus
concessions issued by M.T.C should give their names with roll no., class and
group to their class representatives on or before Thursday, 14 July 2005.
The representatives should hand in the name lists with relevant information at
the Principal’s office before 2.00 p.m
on Friday, 15 July 2005 .
Nodal Officer
(Samuel Rufus)
Lecturer in English
Sunday, 10 July 2005
Piano Practice - Derek Walcott
Introduction:
'Piano Practice' by Derek Walcott is a poignant poem, as it gives us a glimpse of violence in the trouble spots of the globe. The poem is partly history- European, African, and personl. It starts with an assessment of the 'Closing Century.' Through a series of pictures and visual images, the poet stresses the artificiality of the Age, its total dryness and its immorality. the new century provides no relief either. The globe is full of violence and heartlessness ("rain drizzles on the white iron chairs in the garden").
The Poet's Remembrance of Vallejo:
The poet remembers that Vallejo is dying 'today' - Thursday.
"Today is Thursday, Vallejo is dying."
Vallejo, an assassin seems to have eliminated the arch duke. The poet says that he himself is not guilty of the murder and dissociates himself from such violent activities. He is still grief-stricken when he thinks of the execution of Vallejo.
The Poet's Desire to find Solace in Piano Music:
To forget the grief of the execution of Vallejo, the poet proposes to go with his 'girl' and look for life in some cafe 'behind tear-streaked windows.' He hopes that he may find solace in some "piano playing... somewhere." The poet is in no mood to write poetry as he is one "who has only one climate." He is sorry that he never went to the city which breeds people like Vallejo. He does not want the Vallejo fever. He prefers the East River to the Seine even if the latter oushines the former.
For his part, he would be content with piano music. He is sure that somewhere "near the Metropolitan, a steel tenor pan dazzlingly practises something from Old Vienna, "the scales skittering like minnows across the sea."
Though the poem has an objective beginning, the second part of the poem is highly subjective. The first part of the poem is descriptive. The second part is both evocative and reflective. The poem is also ambitious, as we do not know whether the poet condemns Vallejo or commiserates with him.
Conclusion:
The poem seems to be full of contrasts. The first part deals with dryness and disharmony, whereas the second part deals with piano-music and ends with the sea. The immediate context of the poem is the struggle for freedom and Vallejo appears to be a major figure in it.
[For complete, free lesson summaries of texts (all genres) students can contact the blogger at rufusonline@gmail.com]
Friday, 8 July 2005
MTC Bus Concessions First List - 2005-06
Name list of students availing M.T.C Bus Pass
(But left out of the first list due to inadvertent
errors or improper fill-up)
Friday,08 July, 2005
I B.A English
- Ashwin
II B.A English
- H. Anand Kirubakaran
- Priya, K
- Revathi
- Puviya
- Santhosh, V
III B.A English
- Dinesh Kumar, J
III B. A Tamil
- Kalaiselvi, S
- Ravinath, D
- P. Lenin Kumar
- D. Elango
II B. A Economics
- Madu Arinze Solomon
III B. A Economics
- Vinod kannan
I B. A History
- Selvi, N
- Gurukesh, K.R
II B. A History
- Suresh Kumar, D
- S. Papita
- Venmathi, G
- Som Siddharth Roy
- Alexander, J
- Sathish Kumar
III B. A History
- V. R. Rajiv Gandhi
- S. Cynthia Shalini
- J. Helen Christinal
- Jebaselvi, S
II B. A Pol. Science
- K. Pandian
- Albert
III B. A Pol. Science
- Raja Alexander
I B. A Philosophy
- S. Issac Praveen
- T. Prem Kumar
II B. A Philosophy
- D. Shanmuga Priya
- P. Stanley
- C. Santhosh
- S. D. Nancy
I B.Com
- L. Dilipar Raj Kumar
- Amit Raj
II B.Com
- S. Balaji
- Angel Miriam Caroline
- Hariharan
- S. Renitha
- J. Starlin
- S. Vignesh
III B.Com
- R. Paul Praveen Raj
- N. Sasi Kumar
- J. Indrajith
- Jithender Kumar, K. B
- D. Selvaraj
- S. Suresh
- A. Clement Joe
I B.Sc Physics
- S. Brinda
- George Samson
II B.Sc Physics
- Srinivasan
- Anbarasu, J
III B.Sc Physics
- Gnanasekaran
- Dinesh Kumar
I B.Sc Chemistry
- H. Lawrance
- Pabayal Selvamary
II B.Sc Chemistry
- S. Sekar
- S. Purushothaman
III B.Sc Chemistry
- Jacob George Panickasseril
- Mohan Dass, G. K
- Prakash, V
- Santhosh Kumar
- Satadru Chaterjee
- Elango
I B.Sc Pb & Bt
- A. Paul Dasan
- Maria Jenifer
- Krant Kumar, M
- R. Jennifer Priyarath
- C.L. Sheeba
- Maria Jeniffer
- Rebecca
- Suju Kumar
- Muthu Kumar, D
II B.Sc Pb & Bt
- M. Kousalya
- Priyadharshini
- D. Hemanth
- K. Karthick
- Cynthia Hepzibah
- J. Emmimal
I B.Sc Zoology
- N. Ramasamy
- Poorna
- Ramakrishnan
- Prakash
- John Robinson
- K. Sarathy
- S. Manesh
- S. Sudhakaran
- Geetha, V
- Sumitha, S
II B.Sc Zoology
- Sethu Madhavan, J
- Abishek Nandy
- Rashmi Chowlu
- Madhan Kumar, S
- Vetrivendhan
- Christopher
- Ezhilarasan
- Ragi Raj
- Radha
- S. Vanitha
III B.Sc Zoology
- Jai Kumar, M
- Suresh Kumar, K. M
- Sukunthan, K
- Babu, R
I B.Sc Maths
- Angeline
- S. Vasantha Kumar
- G. Merlin Prabhavathy
- V. Malathy
- G. Sharanya
- Roshan George
- Don, A
- P. Prabhakaran
- S. D. Ezhilarasu
- V. Jennifer Virginiya
- P. Jessie Rebecca
- S. Simon Manuel
- S. Manoj
- Chitra
II B.Sc Maths
- Alfred
- M. Selvan
- J. Justin Kirubakaran
- D. Indulatha
- J. Alfred Williams
III B.Sc Maths
- S. Murali
- Sangeetha, K
I B.Sc Statistics
- G. Shalini
- K. Suresh Babu
- R. Deepa
- Kugan
- Joshi George
- Caroline Rejina
III B.Sc Statistics
- A. Methuselah Santhosh Kumar
- G. Charles Abraham
- N. Panneer Selvam
- K. Suresh Kumar
- M. V. S. Krishna Prakasam
- Theophilus Daniel
II M.S.W [Day]
- William Gabriel Paul
- William, T
- Peter, T
- Anish
- Roselin
II M.A Tamil
- G. Kasi Raja
- S. Yuvaraj
II M. A Public Administration
- D. Nisha
- N. Durai
II M. A Economics
- S. Ashwini
- Malathy, S
II M.Com
- R. Prashanthini
- T. Prasanth
- V. Nisha
II MSc Maths
- Ramya, P
- J. Jasmine Vinoliaa
- M. Uma Maheswari
II MSc Statistics
- Abishek Hamsanathan
- Thenmozhi
- S. Sunil Raj
II MSc Botany
- M. Nilavu
- A. Nesamalar
- V. Asha
II MSc Zoology
- C. John
II MSc Chemistry
- Anita, R
- Deepa, P.P
- Eldho K. Paul
- A. Arulazhagan
- C. Peace Vimala Kirubavathy
- S. Parthasarathy
III MCA
- P. Purushothaman
- Charles Ponraj
- A. Arokia Raj
- Prashanth Markose
- A. Dominic Celestine
- R. Eusabia Roseline
- Anup Baby John
- John Stephen
I BBA
- Poulami Sen Tandra Tokdar
- V. Prithviraj
- Vinod Kanna, R
- Vigneswaran, G
- Rachel Hepsiba
- Srinivasan, S.N
- Bhavani, K
- Santhanalakshmi, M
- Goutham, B
II BBA
- Dharmarajan, K
I BCA
- S. Abilash
- S. Elango
- Poornima, K
- Jenifer, F
II BCA
- Ramya, R
- Sushanth
- Anish Kumar
- Justin
- Dinesh Kumar
- Sujitha
- Edwin
I B.Com [SFS]
- Chandru
- P. Suresh Kumar
- Martin. M. Cherian
- B. Karthikeyan
- T. Vijay
- P. Paul Solomon Raj
- Sitycheria, P.K
- M. Ramesh
- B. Sangeeth Sharmila
- S. Raghuvasan
II B.Com [SFS]
- S. Naresh Kumar
- Thomas K. Joseph
- Abigail, J
III B.Com [SFS]
- P.V. Gosteswaran
- Preethi Ramanathan
- Madhav, R
- Gowtham, S
- M.S. Subbulakshmi
I B.Sc Physics [SFS]
- T. Gabriel
II B.Sc Physics [SFS]
- V. Hema Kumari
- K. Krishna
- Richela Cardoza
III B.Sc Physics [SFS]
- P. Priya
- E. P. Sudhakar
- S. K. Yugendar
- Navbharat, S
- Parthiban, V
- Senthil, M
- Anandhi Narayanamoorthy
II B.Sc Microbiology
- Aarthi, S
- Jenny Joshua
- Vanmathi
- Rajitha
- Lavanya
- Arun Krishnamoorthy
- Precilla
- Yoganadevi
- Anuradha
- Magesh Kumar, R
III B.Sc Microbiology
- P. Sandhiya
- Mutthu Jagdish
- Saranya, D
II BSc Vis. Comm
- Paul James
- Dinesh Kumar, T
- C. George Williams
- T. M. Suresh
- Vaseegaran Christopher
- P. Senthil Prabhu
III BSc Vis. Comm
- Vinoth
- Ganesh
II M.Sc Chemistry
- Sheshathri, V
II M. A Communications
- Pradeep Kumar
- R. Shridevi
- K. Krishna Veni
- Tenzin Dickyi
- Raitale Zeliang
- Rashmi Raveendran
- Sumangala, J
- Ritu Bagri
Tuesday, 5 July 2005
How a Client was Saved - M.K. Gandhi
Parsi Rustomji - Gandhiji’s Client:
Parsi Rustomji was a client of Gandhiji. He was a large importer of goods from Bombay and Calcutta. He sought and followed Gandhiji’s advice in all his official and domestic matters. Even when he was ill, he did not hesitate to accept Gandhiji’s quack treatment. But he studiously kept back one thing from Gandhiji – that he sometimes resorted to smuggling. As he was on the best terms with the customs officials, no one was inclined to suspect him.
Rustomji’s Guilt Discovered:
Rustomji’s Guilt Discovered:
But to use the telling phrase of the Gujarati poet Akho,
theft, like quick-silver won’t be suppressed
and Parsi Rustomji proved no exception.
theft, like quick-silver won’t be suppressed
and Parsi Rustomji proved no exception.
One day, with tears rolling down his cheeks, he confessed that he had deceived Gandhiji, and that his guilt had been discovered. He pleaded to Gandhiji to save him from this predicament, as he alone could save him now. He also repented for his crime.
Gandhiji wanted to save Rustomji by means of confession. Parsi was mortified and asked if personal confession before him would suffice. But Gandhiji said that, since the government has been wronged, an official confession was necessary.
Gandhiji’s Words of Advice to Rustomji:
Gandhiji’s Words of Advice to Rustomji:
Gandhiji went to meet Rustomji’s counsel. The counsel perused the papers, and said that the Natal jury, which tries the case, will rarely acquit an Indian. But he promised to help him. Parsi Rustomji resolved to be guided by Gandhiji’s advice in the case. Gandhiji told Rustomji to accept his guilt and pay the penalty. However, if they do not accept it, then he must be prepared to go to jail. The shame lies more in committing the offence rather than going to jail. Imprisonment is just a penance, but the real penance lies in resolving never to smuggle again.
Rustomji’s Reaction to Gandhiji’s Words:
Rustomji’s Reaction to Gandhiji’s Words:
After listening to Gandhiji’s wise words, Rustomji’s courage failed him for a moment, because his name and fame were at stake. However, Rustomji finally resolved to go by Gandhiji’s words, and said, “I am entirely in your hands. You may do just as you like.”
Gandhiji Saves a Client:
Gandhiji Saves a Client:
Gandhiji approached the Customs Officer and pleaded with him not to take the matter to court. After getting his promise, he met the Attorney-General. The Attorney-General appreciated Gandhiji’s complete frankness and was deeply convinced. Hence the case against Parsi Rustomji was settled by a compromise. He was to pay a penalty equal to twice the amount he had smuggled.
Rustomji finally got the paper framed and hung it up in his office to serve as a perpetual reminder to his heirs and fellow merchants. Rustomji’s friends told Gandhiji not to be taken in by Rustomji’s transitory repentance. But Rustomji told Gandhiji with a strong conviction, “What would have been my fate if I had not told you the truth.” Gandhiji thus realized that Rustomji had repented for his guilt and a transformation had been effected in his client.
*****
Saturday, 2 July 2005
"Freedom from fear" - A Critical Appreciation
This fine essay by Aung San Suu Kyi is an excellent example of a special genre of prose writing: the political autobiography. A political autobiography is both a statement of historical facts and a personal testament. The person who writes it not only discusses her life in the context of a particular historical period, but also explains and discusses her political, moral and intellectual dilemmas in her work.
In this essay, we find Suu Kyi narrating the history of contemporary Burma as well as offering a personal vision of freedom and justice. Her argument comprises two parts. In the first part she dissects the emotion which most characterises societies ruled by dicators: fear. She offers a Buddhist interpretation of this emotion but what is interesting here is the way Buddhist categories such as Chanda-gati are used to explain political choices and behaviour. Buddhist categories also help her to distinguish long term political gains from provisional victories. She sees the student unrest against a cruel and unjust government as a positive thing but also shows how fear, the fear she characterises as bhay-agati, has eaten into the heart of Burmese society. The little verse she quotes suggests that the Burmese people are "as water in the cupped hands" of the government. They lack form and identity. Yet, Suu Kyi is no pessimist. She recalls her father Aung San's courage and his sense of sacrifice to argue how important it is for people in Burma to remain fearless. This, then, is the subject of the second half of her essay: how to conquer fear and aspire towards freedom of the body, mind and spirit.
For Suu Kyi, freedom cannot be guaranteed through external laws alone. As she points out, it is not enough if a bad and authoritarian government is replaced by a government which has another set of plans for its people. The spirit of the people who rule and those who look up to them needs to be transformed. This transformation requires that people exorcise fear from their hearts and develop the courage to speak the truth, accept criticism and acknowledge their mistakes. Here, Suu Kyi draws inspiration from Gandhi and Nehru. She describes their courage as a freedom from fear, a sort of "grace under pressure". A person possessed of this freedom does not give up and is able to keep alive hope and an inner calm. Suu Kyi has praise for the everyday acts of "grace under pressure," for those insignificant, daily acts of courage which help preserve human dignity in a society ruled by fear.
Suu Kyi ends her essay with a plea for a just and human society. She displays faith in the human being's capacity to redeem himself/herself, for, as she so well puts it: "saints, it has been said, are the sinners who go on trying." For Suu Kyi, politics alone does not help make a good society. A good society must also be an ethical society.
- Notes by: Ms.Geetha Vardarajan, Alumna of MCC
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