Sunday, 25 April 2021

The Library Summer Challenge

The Library Summer Challenge

[In honour of World Book Day]

@ EBOOK BINGO: ONLEIHE – GOETHE-INSTITUT’S ELIBRARY

The Library Summer Challenge is back this year as eBook Bingo - a digital reading challenge!

Participants need to register yourselves on their registration link.

eBook Bingo encourages readers to plunge into a variety of books, authors and genres at Onleihe, the free digital library offered by Geothe-Institut.

The aim is to expand the reading comfort zones and inspire reluctant readers with reading incentives.

If you love to discover new books, authors and genres in Onleihe - the free digital library offered by Goethe-Institut, register rightaway at their link HERE.

Once you register and activate, you will have access to more than 35,000 eBooks, audio books, movies, materials for German language learners, etc.

Magazines and newspapers are available for downloading from the Onleihe on PC, laptop and mobile devices. At the end of the loan period, the media becomes unavailable by default.

Registrations open Friday, 23 April 2021.

Click HERE for the POSTER.

Saturday, 24 April 2021

"Playing It My Way" - Nuggets of Inspiration from Sachin Tendulkar's Autobiography...

Playing it My Way

[From Sachin Tendulkar’s Autobiography]

On the occasion of our cricketing legend the Master Blaster Sachin Tendulkar’s birthday today, me thought of doing a book review of his autobiography titled, Playing it My Way, that he has co-authored with Boria Majumdar.

Sachin Tendulkar played cricket for 24 years and retired in 2013. In this book, published in 2014, Sachin talks about his journey from his first Test match at the age of 16 to his 100th international century and the final farewell. He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, Bharat Ratna Award, interestingly, on the day of his retirement.

The blurb to his autobiography says –

The most celebrated Indian cricketer of all time, he received the Bharat Ratna Award – India’s highest civilian honour – on the day of his retirement. Now Sachin Tendulkar tells his own remarkable story – from his first Test cap at the age of 16 to his 100th international century and the emotional final farewell that brought his country to a standstill.

When a boisterous Mumbai youngster’s excess energies were channelled into cricket, the result was record-breaking schoolboy batting exploits that launched the career of a cricketing phenomenon. Before long Sachin Tendulkar was the cornerstone of India’s batting line-up, his every move watched by a cricket-mad nation’s devoted followers.

Never had a cricketer been burdened with so many expectations; never has a cricketer performed at such a high level for so long and with such style – scoring more runs and making more centuries than any other player, in both Tests and one-day games. And perhaps only one cricketer could have brought together a shocked nation by defiantly scoring a Test century shortly after terrorist attacks rocked Mumbai.

His many achievements with India include winning the World Cup and topping the world Test rankings. Yet he has also known his fair share of frustration and failure – from injuries and early World Cup exits to stinging criticism from the press, especially during his unhappy tenure as captain.

Despite his celebrity status, Sachin Tendulkar has always remained a private man, devoted to his family and his country. Now, for the first time, he provides a fascinating insight into his personal life and gives a frank and revealing account of a sporting life like no other,

says the blurb to the book.

There are quite a lot of takeaways for the discerning reader from his autobiography. Will share just a few of them.

On Confidence

One of the most prominent words that we find in his Autobiography would be the word, ‘confidence’ that occurs almost 50 times throughout the book.

‘We had every reason to feel confident’, or

‘We were silently confident of reaching the steep target of 325’,

or

‘I replied with confidence!’

On Respect

The word ‘respect’ occurs almost two dozen times in his Autobiography.

Right from chapter one, where he talks about the high respects he had for his father,

Or the respect he has for his wife Anjali, or the respect he has for his opponents,

Or his respects for the game of Cricket,

Or his respect for the pitch, ‘It was only right to thank the pitch for everything and do namaskar (offer my respects)’.

Or respects for his guru Achrekar Sir,

Or showing respect to his Nation,

And finally, respect for his fans,

He feels that respect and credibility always go together.

On Appreciation

Next in line comes the word, appreciation!

Be it his appreciation for his wife, or appreciating his opponents, or his fans, the legend was always ahead! He calls them ‘tokens of appreciation’!

“Anjali took over the home front, allowing me to continue with my cricket, and I will always appreciate the sacrifice she made very early in our lives”.

Fondly recollecting the delightful day his daughter Sara was born, he says, 

I asked permission from the hospital authorities to stay with Anjali in her room. I simply did not want to leave my wife and daughter alone.

While I knew that they were in good hands, I wanted to be with them the whole time. They were only too kind and suggested that, while there wasn’t an extra bed for me, I could stay in the same room as Anjali and they were happy to provide a mattress, which was placed on the floor. That was fine with me and I will always appreciate their help.

Sara, according to everyone who saw her, was a carbon copy of me and I loved the act of putting her to sleep in my arms. I would just rock her for a couple of minutes and she would go off to sleep. I had a beard then and once she was a few months old I would place her on my lap and brush her hair with it. It was a favourite father–daughter pastime and something both of us loved to do every day.

Ravi and I have always been good friends and in Nagpur we had dinner in my room and he repeatedly told me that I should not start to doubt myself after a few failures. His confidence in me was reassuring and I greatly appreciated the gesture.

He calls them ‘tokens of appreciation’

Other Words of Positivity

Other positive words like cheering, happiness, warmth, friendliness, encouragement, making others proud, sense of optimism, feeling positive all the time, etc., abound all through the book.

And he openly comes out with his antagonism towards Greg Chappell, the Indian Cricket coach then, for not respecting the Captain Rahul Dravid!

I was surprised to hear the coach not showing the slightest amount of respect for the captain”, with cricket’s biggest tournament just months away”.

“In my opinion, Indian cricket benefited significantly when the BCCI decided to end Chappell’s tenure in April 2007. Several of our senior players were relieved to see him go, which was hardly surprising because, for reasons hard to comprehend, he had not treated them particularly fairly. His attitude to Sourav, for example, was astonishing”, says Sachin.

He also has abundant words of appreciation for most of his fellow players!

Although there are very interesting incidents all through the book, I would just highlight the most important ones, especially from his personal front that he has mentioned in his autobiography!

The rest of the book, especially his cricket part, where the Little Master Blaster has described matches to the most intricate detail, sometimes even ball by ball, I guess those snippets are for you to relish it for yourself.

Sachin begins his autobiography by quoting from his father’s valuable words of advice for him…

‘Son, life is like a book. It has numerous chapters. It also has many a lesson in it.

Life resembles a pendulum too! A pendulum in which success and failure, joy and sorrow are merely extremes of the central reality. The lessons to be learnt from success and failure are equally important. More often than not, failure and sorrow are bigger teachers than success and happiness.

I am asking you, son, to keep a pleasant disposition and maintain a balanced nature. Do not allow success to breed arrogance in you. If you remain humble, people will give you love and respect even after you have finished with the game. As a parent, I would be happier hearing people say, “Sachin is a good human being” than “Sachin is a great cricketer” any day.’

My father’s words, which I often heard while growing up, encapsulate my life’s philosophy.

On his Parents

My father, Ramesh Tendulkar, was an acclaimed Marathi poet, critic and professor, while my mother, Rajani, worked for the Life Insurance Corporation of India.

Humility and modesty were their hallmarks and I owe a lot of my personality to my upbringing. Despite all my unreasonableness and all the embarrassments I caused them, my parents never gave up on me.

In fact, I have often wondered just how they managed to cope with such a naughty child. 

Though he must have been pushed to the limits sometimes, my father would never shout at me and was always patient when dealing with my mischief.

On his Mother in Particular

My mother made the most delicious dishes - fish and prawn curry, lentils and rice, for us at home, and I owe my appetite and love of food to her. I fondly remember lying on her lap after eating delicious home-cooked meals, as she sang the most beautiful songs while trying to get me off to sleep. Listening to her while dozing off at the end of the day instilled in me a love for music that has remained with me to this day.

On his brothers

My brothers, Nitin and Ajit, have always backed me in my endeavours and, on the cricket side, I owe a lot to Ajit, who is ten years older than me and was a good club cricketer himself but decided to sacrifice his own career to help me achieve my potential.

My eldest brother, Nitin, easily the most creative of the siblings, was the strict disciplinarian in the Tendulkar household and helped rein in my exuberance when my mother had almost given up on me. He not only sketches really well, but is also an accomplished writer and poet and has recently written songs for a movie.

On his Sister Savita

Savita, my sister, gave me my first cricket bat. She travelled to Kashmir for a holiday when I was five and brought me back a Kashmir willow bat. She is easily the calmest of the siblings and has a very reserved and composed demeanour. She stays unruffled in difficult situations and we often consulted her on critical matters while growing up.

Prankster Sachin

In my growing-up years, there was a great deal of construction work taking place in the place we stayed. This gave me and my friends the opportunity to play quite a few pranks on our neighbours. While we were never violent and never caused bodily harm to others, I’m ashamed to admit we sometimes enjoyed having a laugh at the expense of other members of the colony. For us it was fun, plain and simple, but looking back at some of the mischief we got up to now is rather embarrassing.

One of our regular tricks was to dig a deep hole in the sand left behind by the contractors and cover it with newspapers before disguising it with sand. Then we’d deliberately lure people to walk over it. As they sank into the crater, we’d be in fits of laughter. Another was to pour water on unsuspecting passers-by from our apartment on the fourth floor, and I remember that feasting on mangoes picked from trees we weren’t supposed to touch was also a favourite pastime.

On his Wife Anjali

As I was trying to establish myself as an international cricketer, my personal life changed dramatically in August 1990 when I met Anjali, my future wife. It was the beginning of by far the best partnership of my life.

I had just landed in Mumbai on our return from the 1990 tour of England and was waiting to pick up my bags when I first saw an extremely attractive woman looking down from the viewing gallery in the airport. Little did I know then that I had just seen my life partner. She was standing with a friend of hers, Dr Aparna Santhanam, now a well-known dermatologist in Mumbai. We had fleeting eye contact and then she disappeared.

The next I saw of the two of them was when I was making my way out of the airport. I spotted Anjali, dressed in an orange T-shirt and blue jeans, running out of the gate, apparently chasing after me. That was not all, because she soon started yelling, ‘He is sooooo cute!’ I felt awkward and started to blush, as I knew both Ajit and Nitin were waiting outside to take me home.

Anjali and I courted each other for five years between 1990 and 1995, a commitment that led to engagement and finally marriage.

We got engaged on 24 April 1994, which also happened to be my twenty-first birthday. The engagement party was a low-key affair with family and close friends and was held at Anjali’s family’s house at Warden Road, Breach Candy, in South Mumbai. It was an occasion of great significance in our lives and we will always remember the joy we felt.

Our families were delighted at the union and it marked a whole new beginning for me. We finally tied the knot on 25 May 1995. Anjali Mehta had become Anjali Tendulkar and I entered a new phase in my life.

I Will Play

Although there are very many interesting incidents connected with his playing all through the book, I would just highlight one particular incident from one of his very early matches -

It Was the Fourth Test, Sialkot, 9–14 December 1989

“The wicket was green, but the December weather was also heavy, resulting in a lot of early-morning fog. This meant the four Pakistani fast bowlers could come at us all day, hoping to roll us over and secure the upper hand Waqar was bowling from one end and it was absolutely essential to survive the initial burst”.

“I had just scored my first run when Waqar bowled a short delivery, which I expected would rise chin-high. I misjudged the bounce of the ball. It rose six inches higher than expected and hit me on the flap of my helmet before deflecting and hitting my nose. At the time I was the only batsman besides Srikkanth not to wear a grille”.

“My vision was blurred and my head felt heavy. But again, going off would suggest I was scared. And truly I wasn’t. It wasn’t the first time I had been hit, though the impact was much more severe than anything I had suffered before. I decided to carry on and said, (I will play.) It was important for my own self-esteem, and by staying in I felt I had made a statement to the opposition”.

His Farewell Speech

The last part of his autobiography carries his memorable farewell speech that he delivered at the Wankhede stadium, Mumbai on 16 November 2013!

“I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart, and also say that time has flown by rather quickly, but the memories that you have left with me will always be with me for ever and ever, especially ‘Sachin, Sachin’. That will reverberate in my ears … till I stop breathing. Thank you very much. If I’ve, if I’ve missed out on saying something, missed out on a few names, I hope you understand. Goodbye”.

Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai

16 November 2013

signs off, the legendary god of cricket, Sachin Tendulkar!

Here’s wishing the ultimate superstar of cricket Sachin Tendulkar, the Little Master a very happy birthday on his 48th birthday today!

Friday, 23 April 2021

'How to Read a Book' - The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading

How to Read a Book

By Mortimer J. Adler

& Charles Van Doren

Bringing you dear reader, some beautiful excerpts from this lovely book, on the occasion of World Book Day, today, 23 April 2021.

How to Read a Book was first published in ‘the early months of 1940’.

‘This is a book for readers and for those who wish to become readers’.

‘Particularly, it is for readers of books’.

‘Even more particularly, it is for those whose main purpose in reading books is to gain increased understanding’, says Mortimer Adler on the purpose behind this book!

Then Mortimer Adler proceeds to outline the goals of reading thus -

The Goals of Reading –

Reading for Information

Reading for Understanding

Reading for Entertainment

The first sense is the one in which we speak of ourselves as reading newspapers, magazines, or anything else that, according to our skill and talents, is at once thoroughly intelligible to us.

Such things may increase our store of information, but they CANNOT improve our understanding, for our understanding was equal to them before we started.

The second sense is the one in which a person tries to read something that at first he does not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is initially better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader's understanding.

The point we want to emphasize here is that this book is about the art of reading for the sake of increased understanding

Of course, there is the third sense - still another goal of reading - besides gaining information and understanding, and that is entertainment.

On Present and Absent Teachers

Listening to a course of lectures, for example, is in many respects like reading a book; and listening to a poem is like reading it. Yet there is good reason to place primary emphasis on reading, and let listening become a secondary concern.

The reason is that -

listening is learning from a teacher who is present - a living teacher - while reading is learning from one who is absent.

If you ask a living teacher a question, he will probably answer you. If you are puzzled by what he says, you can save yourself the trouble of thinking by asking him what he means.

If, however, you ask a book a question, you must answer it yourself. In this respect a book is like nature or the world. When you question it, it answers you only to the extent that you do the work of thinking and analysis yourself.

Students in school often read difficult books with the help and guidance of teachers.

But for those of us who are not in school, and indeed also for those of us who are when we try to read books that are not required or assigned, our continuing education depends mainly on books alone, read without a teacher's help.

Therefore if we are disposed to go on learning and discovering, we must know how to make books teach us well.

That, indeed, is the primary goal of this book, says Mortimer Adler.

Stages of Learning to Read

[The first level of Reading – Elementary Reading]

The first stage is known by the term "reading readiness."

This begins, it has been pointed out, at birth, and continues normally until the age of about six or seven.

Physical readiness involves good vision and hearing.

Intellectual readiness involves a minimum level of visual perception such that the child can take in and remember an entire word and the letters that combine to form it.

In the second stage, children learn to read very simple materials.

They usually begin by learning a few sight words, and typically manage to master perhaps three hundred to four hundred words by the end of the first year.

Basic skills are introduced at this time, such as the use of context or meaning clues and the beginning sounds of words. By the end of this period pupils are expected to be reading simple books independently and with enthusiasm.

The third stage is characterized by rapid progress in vocabulary building and by increasing skill in "unlocking" the meaning of unfamiliar words through context clues.

In addition, children at this stage learn to read for different purposes and in different areas of content, such as science, social studies, language arts, and the like. They learn that reading, besides being something one does at school, is also something one can do on one's own, for fun, to satisfy curiosity, or even to "expand one's horizons."

Finally, the fourth stage is characterized by the refinement and enhancement of the skills previously acquired.

Above all, the student begins to be able to assimilate his reading experiences - that is, to carry over concepts from one piece of writing to another, and to compare the views of different writers on the same subject.

This, the mature stage of reading, should be reached by young persons in their early teens. Ideally, they should continue to build on it for the rest of their lives.

THE SECOND LEVEL OF READING: INSPECTIONAL READING

In this case, what you must do is skim the book, or, as some prefer to say, pre-read it.

Skimming or pre-reading is the first sublevel of inspectional reading.

Your main aim is to discover whether the book requires a more careful reading.

LOOK AT THE TITLE PAGE AND, IF THE BOOK HAS ONE, AT ITS PREFACE.

Read each quickly. Note especially the subtitles or other indications of the scope or aim of the book or of the author's special angle on his subject.

STUDY THE TABLE OF CONTENTS to obtain a general sense of the book's structure; use it as you would a road map before taking a trip.

It is astonishing how many people never even glance at a book's table of contents unless they wish to look something up in it.

In fact, many authors spend a considerable amount of time in creating the table of contents, and it is sad, to think their efforts are often wasted.

CHECK THE INDEX if the book has one! Most expository works do. Make a quick estimate of the range of topics covered and of the kinds of books and authors referred to.

If the book is a new one with a dust jacket, READ THE PUBLISHER's BLURB.

Some people have the impression that the blurb is never anything but sheer puffery. But this is quite often not true, especially in the case of expository works.

Finally, TURN THE PAGES, DIPPING IN HERE AND THERE, READING A PARAGRAPH OR TWO, SOMETIMES SEVERAL PAGES IN SEQUENCE, NEVER MORE THAN THAT. Thumb through the book in this way, always looking for signs of the main contention, listening for the basic pulsebeat of the matter.

Thursday, 22 April 2021

Tidbits on 'Earth Day'

From Gaylord Nelson, founder of Earth Day…

Happy Earth Day, 22 April 2021

I noticed that our country’s air, water, and soil were getting polluted. Plants and animals were dying. People around the United States were upset about this. They wanted to change things. But our country’s leaders were not listening. They were not making laws to protect the environment.


Finally, in June of 1969, I thought of an idea to get the attention of politicians. The idea was to have a nationwide demonstration. I thought that if enough people got involved, everyone from the president to each city’s mayor would have to take notice.

And it worked. Twenty million Americans came out on Earth Day 1970 and showed they cared. The politicians finally started to listen.

But that was not good enough. The whole world needed to work together. So Earth Day 1990 was held. This time, people around the planet told their government officials that they wanted action to save our planet.

Since then, Earth Day has been celebrated each year in countries all over the world. It has helped inspire people to make a difference and do their part.

Now it’s your chance. In not too many years, you will be the people running the country. What you think and do matters. So learn about nature and respect it.

Live in a way that cares for planet Earth. And keep after everyone from your mayor to the president to make laws that protect the planet. Your actions will make all the difference in the world.

says Gaylord Nelson, founder of Earth Day

Well, Planet Earth is a wonderful place to live! Its land and oceans are home to millions of plants and animals. The air, sunlight, water, and land provide everything needed for healthy life. And the amazing beauty of Earth fills us with awe and appreciation.

But in the 1960s, people were becoming more and more worried about the health of Planet Earth.

What was causing them to worry?

In 1962, a scientist named Rachel Carson wrote a book that shocked people. Silent Spring was about the dangers of some of the pesticides being used on our crops to kill insects. These pesticides were also making animals and people sick.

The first Earth Day led to some important laws being passed by both Republicans and Democrats working together in Congress:  The creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Plants provide most of the foods we need for good health. Grains, vegetables, and fruits all come from plants. In some places, there is an abundance of food plants - but not everywhere.

There are many, many hungry people in the world - including in America. But on average, Americans throw away almost half of their food. We are feeding garbage cans and landfills instead of people!

What can we do? We can try to be more responsible about food. First, we can choose foods that are good for us. Second, we can take only as much food as we need. Third, we can eat what we take.

Planet Earth is home to billions of people. And Earth Day is the one holiday we can share with all people, everywhere.  By starting with little things we can do every day, we develop Earth-wise habits.

We can ask our family and friends to help. And we can join school and community efforts to pick up litter, plant trees and gardens, make posters, or hold recycling drives.

Remember: when April 22 rolls around, it’s also fun to plan an Earth Day party. Do something good for the planet. Snack on healthy foods. And don’t forget to wear green!

Although April 22 is the official date for Earth Day, we now know there are many, many ways to be Earth-wise every day.

When everyone joins together to do little things, it adds up to big results!

Now it is our turn to take the lead in being good citizens of Planet Earth. We can practice being Earth-wise every day. 

We can continue to celebrate Earth Day every year.

Texts referenced

Earth Day by Lowеry L.

Let's Celebrate Earth Day by Barbara deRubertis

image: freepikdotcom

Wednesday, 21 April 2021

Introduction to Lyotard's 'The Postmodern Condition'

The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge [Introduction]

by Jean Francois Lyotard

[Critical Summary of the ‘Introduction’]

Introduction

Sir Arnold Toynbee was one of the first scholars to use the term ‘postmodernism’. In his famous study of twenty-six world civilisations, in the course of human history, ranging from Ancient Rome to imperial China, from Babylon to the Aztecs, Toynbee concluded that any civilisation flourished and prospered by responding successfully to challenges under the leadership of elite leaders. At the same time, civilizations declined when their leaders stopped responding creatively, or in other words, they were unable to find creative solutions, says Toynbee. Such societies in disintegration suffer from a kind of ‘schism of the soul’, he observes.


In like fashion, in his Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Lyotard undertakes a major study of the notion of knowledge in postmodern society. Lyotard then concludes his study by putting forth the proposition that, the postmodern era is one that is characterised by a loss of faith in all grand, totalizing “metanarratives”, resulting in the end of all such ‘grand narratives’ or totalising narratives!

Condition of Knowledge in Highly Developed Societies

The object of this study is the condition of knowledge in the most highly developed societies, says Lyotard. The status of knowledge is radically altered even as societies enter the postindustrial age, and cultures enter the postmodern age, and these technological transformations can be expected to have a considerable impact on knowledge, he observes.

Incredulity towards Metanarratives

Lyotard then proceeds to define postmodern as incredulity toward metanarratives.

In the past, when one framework for knowledge was thought to be inadequate, it was replaced by another framework. The goal of postmodernism, hence, is to do without frameworks for knowledge altogether. In postmodernist terminology, ‘metanarratives’ are stories about stories, ‘large scale theoretical interpretations purportedly of universal application, or universal worldview.

However, postmodernism is a worldview that denies all worldviews.

Metanarratives were hence seen as ‘totalising discourses’, which are associated with oppression. In the words of the neo-Marxist Terry Eagleton, ‘Postmodernism signals the death of such metanarratives whose secretly terroristic function was to ground and legitimate the illusion of a ‘universal’ human history.

The belief in a universal humanity, usually thought of as an ennobling vision of human equality and dignity, is described in conspiratorial language as ‘secretly terroristic’.

Postmodernism As Anti-foundationalism

Postmodernism dismisses foundationalism, which is defined as ‘the idea that knowledge is the reflection of truth and that we can discover a stable foundation for it in God, History or Reason’.

Hence Postmodernism is also called anti-foundationalist.

The grand intellectual systems of the past (such as Platonism, Christianity, Marxism, science etc.) have always had specific foundations (rational ideals; God; economics; empirical observation), etc. However, Postmodernism seeks to destroy all such objective foundations and seeks to replace them with nothing.

Patricia Waugh defines this anti-foundationalist stance of Postmodernism thus –

Central to the ‘postmodern condition’, therefore is a recognition and account of the way in which the ‘grand narratives’ of Western history and, in particular, enlightened modernity, have broken down.

Postmodernists Dissolve History

Postmodernists also seek to dissolve history. They no longer see it as a record of objective facts, but as ‘a series of metaphors which cannot be detached from the institutionally produced languages which we bring to bear on it’.

And since there is no objective truth, history may be rewritten according to the needs of a particular group. Patricia Waugh hence says that, ‘We can make no distinction between ‘truth’ and ‘fiction’.

Postmodern Knowledge: NOT a Tool of the Authorities

According to Lyotard, in the postmodern era of delegitimation of metanarratives, local determinism or mininarratives are celebrated, and hence knowledge is not a tool of the authorities.

In this mode, knowledge is no longer seen as an absolute truth; rather, knowledge is seen as rearranging information into new paradigms. Human beings construct their respective models from their own perspectives, to account for their own experiences. These models are ‘texts’ that are constantly being revised. Hence any claim to grand narratives have no validity.

Postmodern scholars therefore seek to dismantle those paradigms of the past, and bring the marginal into the centre, rewriting history in favour of those who have been excluded from power – women, homosexuals, blacks, Native Americans, and other victims of oppression. Hence to most people, this dismantling or the death of the grand narratives, is not only inclusive, but also quite liberating. When we construct our own realities, there are no limits to our freedom, they observe.

And since invention is always born of dissension, Postmodern knowledge is not simply a tool of the authorities. it refines our sensitivity to differences and reinforces our ability to tolerate the incommensurable.

Its principle is not the expert’s homology, but the inventor's paralogy, observes Lyotard.

Conclusion

Lyotard ends his introduction by stating that, this book is a ‘Report on knowledge in the most highly developed societies and was presented to the government of Quebec at the request of its president’.

He concludes by observing that, the author of the report is a philosopher, not an expert. The expert knows what he knows and what he does not know: the philosopher does not.

“The expert concludes, the philosopher questions” - two very different language games, says Lyotard, which again seeks to beautifully foreground one of the essential postulates of postmodern thought.

Texts Referenced

Guide to Contemporary Culture by Gene Edward Veith

Postmodernism: A Reader by Patricia Waugh

image courtesy: claremontindependentdotcom

Wednesday, 31 March 2021

'In Praise of Walking'

In Praise of Walking | Book Review

‘What is it that makes us human? What quality is it that makes us different to all other living creatures?’ asks Shane O’Mara, (the author) and then proceeds to give us an answer - 

‘our ability to walk, and especially to walk upright on our two feet, an adaptation known as ‘bipedalism’, freeing our hands for other tasks…’ is one unique quality that makes us human, he says!

In the book, Shane talks about the ‘mechanical magic’ of walking, to understanding how walking can set our thoughts free, all the way to the most social aspects of walking!

‘I want to show in this book how imperative it is that we start walking again. Our brains and our bodies will be the better for it…’ says Shane.

For more on the book, you may want to look up on my review HERE on our YouTube channel. 

Sunday, 28 March 2021

Birds, Birding & Bioregional Consciousness

Birds, Birding & Bioregional Consciousness

Today’s video lesson is on the topic, ‘Birds, Birding and Bioregional consciousness!’

It begins with an outline to what bioregional consciousness is all about, with reference to a few nature enthusiasts whom I so love and adore, and it’s followed by a range of videos and images of birds from my own backyard – at the place where I dwell – Mogappair West, Chennai, TN, INDIA. 

Finally, it exhorts and motivates the listeners / viewers to cultivate a bioregional consciousness, and a bioregional sensibility. 

You may want to access the video HERE on our YouTube channel.

Featured post

Welcoming the Winter Guests | A Dawn Birding Adventure in Namma Chennai Today 💚

The First Flock | Welcoming Seven Magnificent Migrants to Namma Chennai #intothewildwithrufus #birding 6th September 2026 Today, as part of ...